Theory of Mind

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Arioli, M., & Canessa, N. (2019). Neural processing of social interaction: Coordinate‐based meta‐analytic evidence from human neuroimaging studies. Human Brain Mapping, 40(13), 3712-3737. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.24627

Ball, C. L., Smetana, J. G., & Sturge‐Apple, M. L. (2017). Following my head and my heart: Integrating preschoolers' empathy, theory of mind, and moral judgments. Child Development, 88(2), 597-611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2015.02.001 

Becchio, C., Koul, A., Ansuini, C., Bertone, C., & Cavallo, A. (2018). Seeing mental states: An experimental strategy for measuring the observability of other minds. Physics of Life Reviews, 24, 67-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plrev.2017.10.002

Bejanin, A., Chételat, G., Laisney, M., Pélerin, A., Landeau, B., Merck, C., Belliard, S., de la Sayette, V., Eustache, F., & Desgranges, B. (2017). Distinct neural substrates of affective and cognitive theory of mind impairment in semantic dementia. Social Neuroscience, 12(3), 287-302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2016.1168314

Bennett, C. L., & Rosner, D. K. (2019, May). The promise of empathy: Design, disability, and knowing the "Other". In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1-13). https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300528

Berenguer Forner, C., Roselló, B., Baixauli Fortea, I., García Castellar, R., Colomer Diago, C., & Miranda, A. (2017). ADHD Symptoms and peer problems: Mediation of executive function and theory of mind. Psycothemia, 29(4), 514-419. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2016.376

Boccadoro, S., Cracco, E., Hudson, A. R., Bardi, L., Nijhof, A. D., Wiersema, J. R., Brass, M., & Mueller, S. C. (2019). Defining the neural correlates of spontaneous theory of mind (ToM): An fMRI multi-study investigation. NeuroImage, 203, 116193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116193

Bowman, L. C., Thorpe, S. G., Cannon, E. N., & Fox, N. A. (2017). Action mechanisms for social cognition: behavioral and neural correlates of developing Theory of Mind. Developmental Science, 20(5), e12447. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12447

Bowman, L. C., Dodell-Feder, D., Saxe, R., & Sabbagh, M. A. (2019). Continuity in the neural system supporting children’s theory of mind development: Longitudinal links between task-independent EEG and task-dependent fMRI. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 40, 100705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100705

Bradford, E. E., Jentzsch, I., & Gomez, J. C. (2015). From self to social cognition: Theory of mind mechanisms and their relation to executive functioning. Cognition, 138, 21-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2015.02.001

BrainFacts/Society for Neuroscience. (2019). Theory of mind. [Video]. (0:03:57). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tpaMMYye65E&feature=youtu.be

BrainFacts/Society For Neuroscience. (2018). Theory of mind: Only human? [Video]. (0:04:09). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6aCgxy4Q0mg&feature=youtu.be

Buon, M., Seara-Cardoso, A., & Viding, E. (2016). Why (and how) should we study the interplay between emotional arousal, Theory of Mind, and inhibitory control to understand moral cognition? Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 23(6), 1660-1680.

Bzdok, D., Schilbach, L., Vogeley, K., Schneider, K., Laird, A. R., Langner, R., & Eickhoff, S. B. (2012). Parsing the neural correlates of moral cognition: ALE meta-analysis on morality, theory of mind, and empathy. Brain Structure and Function, 217(4), 783-796.

Calarge, C., Andreasen, N. C., & O’Leary, D. S. (2015). Visualizing how one brain understands another: A PET study of theory of mind. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(11), 1954-1964.

Charness, G., List, J. A., Rustichini, A., Samek, A., & Van De Ven, J. (2019). Theory of mind among disadvantaged children: Evidence from a field experiment. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 166, 174-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2019.08.025

Conway, J. R., Catmur, C., & Bird, G. (2019). Understanding individual differences in theory of mind via representation of minds, not mental states. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 26(3), 798-812. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-018-1559-x

Coundouris, S., P., Adams, A. G., Henry, J. D. (2020). Empathy and theory of mind in Parkinson’s disease: A meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Review, 109, 92-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.030

Deuse, L., Rademacher, L. M., Winkler, L., Schultz, R. T., Gründer, G., & Lammertz, S. E. (2016). Neural correlates of naturalistic social cognition: Brain-behavior relationships in healthy adults. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 11(11), 1741-1751. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsw094

Devine, R. T., White, N., Ensor, R., & Hughes, C. (2016). Theory of mind in middle childhood: Longitudinal associations with executive function and social competence. Developmental Psychology, 52(5), 758. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000105

Drayton, L. A., & Santos, L. R. (2016). A decade of theory of mind research on Cayo Santiago: Insights into rhesus macaque social cognition. American Journal of Primatology, 78(1), 106-116. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22362

Ebert, S. (2020). Theory of mind, language, and reading: Developmental relations from early childhood to early adolescence. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 191, 104739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2019.104739

Frith, C. D., & Frith, U. (2005). Theory of mind. Current Biology, 15(17), R644-R645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.08.041

Frith, C. D., & Frith, U. (2007). Social cognition in humans. Current Biology,17(16), R724-R732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.05.068

Frith, C. D., & Frith, U. (2012). Mechanisms of social cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 63, 287-313. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100449

Geiger, A., Bente, G., Lammers, S., Tepest, R., Roth, D., Bzdok, D., & Vogeley, K. (2019). Distinct functional roles of the mirror neuron system and the mentalizing system. NeuroImage, 202, 116102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116102

Global Mail, The. (2011). Theory of mind test. [Video]. (0:03:23). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YGSj2zY2OEM

Closer To Truth. (2020, March 25). Alison Gopnik - What is theory of mind? [Video]. (0:08:46). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=10kQYsiaYL8

Graziano, M. S. (2019). Attributing awareness to others: The attention schema theory and its relationship to behavioural prediction. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 26(3-4), 17-37.

Gunia, A., Moraresku, S., & Vlček, K. (2021). Brain mechanisms of visuospatial perspective-taking in relation to object mental rotation and the theory of mind. Behavioural Brain Research, 407, Article 113247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113247

Green, C. G., Brown, N. J., Yap, V. M., Scheffer, I. E., & Wilson, S. J. (2020). Cognitive processes predicting advanced theory of mind in the broader autism phenotype. Autism Research, 13(6), 921-934. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2209

Han, S., Northoff, G., Vogeley, K., Wexler, B. E., Kitayama, S., & Varnum, M. E. (2013). A cultural neuroscience approach to the biosocial nature of the human brain. Annual Review of Psychology, 64, 335-359. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-071112-054629 

Heyes, C. M., & Frith, C. D. (2014). The cultural evolution of mind reading. Science, 344(6190), 1243091. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1243091

Ho, M. K., Saxe, R., & Cushman, F. (2022). Planning with Theory of Mind. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 26(11), 959–971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2022.08.003

Hoskinson, K. R., Bigler, E. D., Abildskov, T. J., Dennis, M., Taylor, H. G., Rubin, K., Gerhardt, C. A., Vannatta, K., Stancin, T., & Yeates, K. O. (2020). The mentalizing network and theory of mind mediate adjustment after childhood traumatic brain injury. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 14(12), 1285-1295. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsaa006

Hutchins, T. L., Prelock, P. A., Morris, H., Benner, J., LaVigne, T., & Hoza, B. (2016). Explicit vs. applied theory of mind competence: A comparison of typically developing males, males with ASD, and males with ADHD. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 21, 94-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2015.10.004

Jacob, P. (2019). Challenging the two-systems model of mindreading. In A. Avramides & M. Parrott (Eds.), Knowing Other Minds, (pp. 79-100). Oxford University Press.

Jacoby, N., & Fedorenko, E. (2018). Discourse-level comprehension engages medial frontal Theory of Mind brain regions even for expository texts. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2018.1525494

Jones, C. R., Simonoff, E., Baird, G., Pickles, A., Marsden, A. J., Tregay, J., Happé, F, & Charman, T. (2018). The association between theory of mind, executive function, and the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder.  Autism Research, 11(1), 95-109. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1873

Joordens, T. (2014). Introduction to psychology: Theory of Mind. [Video]. (0:13:40). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=efvd8N162gw

Koster-Hale, J., & Saxe, R. (2013). Functional neuroimaging of theory of mind. In S. Baron-Cohen, H. Tager-Flusberg & M. Lombardo (Eds.), Understanding other Minds: Perspectives from developmental social neuroscience, (pp.132-163). Oxford University Press.

Koster-Hale, J., & Saxe, R. (2013). Theory of mind: A neural prediction problem. Neuron, 79(5), 836-848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2013.08.020

Krupenye, C., & Call, J. (2019). Theory of mind in animals: Current and future directions. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 10(6), e1503. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1503

Livingston, L. A., Carr, B., & Shah, P. (2019). Recent advances and new directions in measuring theory of mind in autistic adults. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(4), 1738-1744. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3823-3

Mahy, C. E., Moses, L. J., & Pfeifer, J. H. (2014). How and where: Theory-of-mind in the brain. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 9, 68-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2014.01.002

Martin, A., & Santos, L. R. (2016). What cognitive representations support primate theory of mind? Trends in cognitive sciences, 20(5), 375-382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2016.03.005

Mukerji, C. E., Lincoln, S. H., Dodell-Feder, D., Nelson, C. A., & Hooker, C. I. (2019). Neural correlates of theory-of-mind are associated with variation in children’s everyday social cognition. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 14(6), 579-589. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsz040

Nguyen, T. N., & Gonzalez, C. (2022). Theory of mind from observation in cognitive models and humans. Topics in Cognitive Science, 14(4), 665-686. https://doi.org/10.1111/tops.12553

Ondobaka, S., Kilner, J., & Friston, K. (2017). The role of interoceptive inference in theory of mind. Brain and Cognition, 112, 64-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2015.08.002

O'Toole, S. E., Monks, C. P., & Tsermentseli, S. (2017). Executive function and theory of mind as predictors of aggressive and prosocial behavior and peer acceptance in early childhood. Social Development, 26(4), 907-920. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12231

Pesquita, A., Chapman, C. S., & Enns, J. T. (2016). Humans are sensitive to attention control when predicting others’ actions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(31), 8669-8674. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1601872113

Powell, J. L., Grossi, D., Corcoran, R., Gobet, F., & Garcia-Finana, M. (2017). The neural correlates of theory of mind and their role during empathy and the game of chess: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Neuroscience, 355, 149-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.04.042

Powell, L. J., & Carey, S. (2017). Executive function depletion in children and its impact on theory of mind. Cognition, 164, 150-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2017.03.022

Qureshi, A. W., Monk, R. L., Samson, D., & Apperly, I. A. (2019). Does interference between self and other perspectives in theory of mind tasks reflect a common underlying process? Evidence from individual differences in theory of mind and inhibitory control. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-019-01656-z

Richard Dawkins Foundation, The. (2010, May 19). Robert Seyfarth: Theory of mind. [Video]. (0:03:36). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XDtjLSa50uk

Ronchi, L., Banerjee, R., & Lecce, S. (2020). Theory of mind and peer relationship: The role of social anxiety. Social Development, 29(2), 478-493. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12417

Saxe, R. (2009). How we read each other's mind. Ted Talk [Video]. (0:16:51). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GOCUH7TxHRI

Schaafsma, S. M., Pfaff, D. W., Spunt, R. P., & Adolphs, R. (2015). Deconstructing and reconstructing theory of mind. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19(2), 65-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2014.11.007

Schneider, D., Slaughter, V. P., & Dux, P. E. (2017). Current evidence for automatic theory of mind processing in adults. Cognition, 162, 27-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2017.01.018

Scholz, J., Triantafyllou, C., Whitfield-Gabrieli, S., Brown, E.N., & Saxe, R. Schneider, W., Schumann-Hengsteler, R., & Sodian, B. (Eds.). (2014). Young children's cognitive development: Interrelationships among executive functioning, working memory, verbal ability, and theory of mind.  Psychology Press.

Schurz, et al., 2021. Toward a hierarchical model of social cognition- A neuroimaging meta-analysis and integrative review of empathy and theory of mind. Psychological Bulletin, 147(3), 293. Doi.org_10.1037_bul0000303

Schurz, M., Radua, J., Aichhorn, M., Richlan, F., & Perner, J. (2014). Fractionating theory of mind: A meta-analysis of functional brain imaging studies. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 42, 9-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.01.009

Shurtz, M., Radua, J., Tholen, M. G., Maliske, L., Margulies, D. S., Mars, R. B., Sallet, J., Kanske, P. (2020). Toward a hierarchical model of social cognition: A neuroimaging meta-analysis and integrative review of empathy and theory of mind. Psychological Bulletin. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bul0000303

Schuwerk, T., Schurz, M., Müller, F., Rupprecht, R., & Sommer, M. (2017). The rTPJ’s overarching cognitive function in networks for attention and theory of mind. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 12(1), 157-168. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsw163

Serious Science (2016, December 16). Theory of mind - Uta Frith. [Video]. (0:10:55). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N6ylH-LYjOM

Shah, P., Catmur, C., & Bird, G. (2017). From heart to mind: Linking interoception, emotion, and theory of mind. Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior, 93, 220–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2017.02.010

Singer, T., & Tusche, A. (2014). Understanding others: Brain mechanisms of theory of mind and empathy. In P. Glimcher & E. Fehr (Eds.), Neuroeconomics: Decision making and the brain (2nd ed., pp. 513-532). Academic Press.

Smogorzewska, J., Szumski, G., Grygiel, P. (2020). Theory of mind goes to school: Does educational environment influence the development of theory of mind in middle childhood? PLoS ONE, 15(8), e0237524. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237524

Sodian, B., & Kristen, S. (2016). Theory of mind. In Handbook of epistemic cognition (1st ed, pp. 80-97). Routledge.

Sodian, B., Licata, M., Kristen‐Antonow, S., Paulus, M., Killen, M., & Woodward, A. (2016). Understanding of goals, beliefs, and desires predicts morally relevant theory of mind: A longitudinal investigation. Child Development, 87(4), 1221-1232. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12533

Spreng, R. N., Mar, R. A., & Kim, A. S. (2009). The common neural basis of autobiographical memory, prospection, navigation, theory of mind, and the default mode: A quantitative meta-analysis. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 21(3), 489-510. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.21029

Tettamanti, M., Vaghi, M. M., Bara, B. G., Cappa, S. F., Enrici, I., & Adenzato, M. (2017). Effective connectivity gateways to the theory of mind network in processing communicative intention. Neuroimage, 155, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.04.050

UCLA Center for Behavioral, Evolution, and Culture Speaker Series. (2020). Rebecca Saxe - What is theory of mind? Implications for mind, brain and culture. [Video]. (01:46:42). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3m-H4Wv4cI

University of California Television. (2013, November 26). CARTA: What is theory of mind? Theory of mind in human babies, the social brain in adolescence. [Video]. (0:58:37). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TFTe3z5ISGo&feature=youtu.be

Veissière, S. P., Constant, A., Ramstead, M. J., Friston, K. J., & Kirmayer, L. J. (2019). Thinking through other minds: A variational approach to cognition and culture. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1-97.  https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X19001213

Viana, K. P. (2019). Impact of children's Theory of Mind on their social interaction and cognitive performance in cooperative problem-solving tasks. [Publication No. 1564-3991) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Oslo]. Reprosentralen, University of Oslo.

Vogeley, K. (2017). Two social brains: neural mechanisms of intersubjectivity. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 372(1727), 20160245. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0245

Wade, M., Prime, H., Jenkins, J. M., Yeates, K. O., Williams, T., & Lee, K. (2018). On the relation between theory of mind and executive functioning: A developmental cognitive neuroscience perspective. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 25(6), 2119-2140. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-018-1459-0

Wang, Z., Devine, R. T., Wong, K. K., & Hughes, C. (2016). Theory of mind and executive function during middle childhood across cultures. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 149, 6-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2015.09.028

Westra, E. (2019). Stereotypes, theory of mind, and the action–prediction hierarchy. Synthese, 196(7), 2821-2846. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-017-1575-9

Winter, K., Spengler, S., Bermpohl, F., Singer, T., & Kanske, P. (2017). Social cognition in aggressive offenders: Impaired empathy, but intact theory of mind. Scientific reports, 7(1), 670. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-00745-0

Xie, D., Pei, M., & Su, Y. (2019). “Favoring my playmate seems fair”: Inhibitory control and theory of mind in preschoolers’ self-disadvantaging behaviors. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 184, 158-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2019.03.004

Yang, D. Y. J., Rosenblau, G., Keifer, C., & Pelphrey, K. A. (2015). An integrative neural model of social perception, action observation, and theory of mind. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 51, 263-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.01.020

Zunshine, L. (2019). What Mary Poppins knew: Theory of mind, children's literature, history. Narrative, 27(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1353/nar.2019.0000

Date of last update: 15-Dec-2022 CB

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