Risk & Protective Factors

Resources

Alaska Network on Domestic Violence and Sexual Abuse. (2015, February). Shared risk and protective factors in domestic violence and assault. [Video]. (0:54:18). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9BShHMniJe8

Anderson, L., & Bowen, J. (2020). The supportive classroom: Trauma-sensitive strategies for fostering resilience and creating a safe, compassionate environment for all students. Ulysses Press.

Austin, A. E., Lesak, A. M., & Shanahan, M. E. (2020). Risk and protective factors for child maltreatment: A review. Current Epidemiology Reports, 7, 334-342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40471-020

Bachler, E., Frühmann, A., Bachler, H., Aas, B., Nickel, M., & Schiepek, G. K. (2018). The effect of childhood adversities and protective factors on the development of child-psychiatric disorders and their treatment. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02226

Bartlett, J. D., & Steber, K. (2019). How to implement trauma-informed care to build resilience to childhood trauma. Child Trends, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.11496.01284

Banyard, V., Hamby, S., & Grych, J. (2017). Health effects of adverse childhood events: Identifying promising protective factors at the intersection of mental and physical well-being. Child Abuse & Neglect, 65, 88-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.01.011

Bechtiger, L., Steinhoff, A., Dollar, J. M., Halliday, S. E., Keane, S. P., Calkins, S. D., & Shanahan, L. (2022). Pathways from maternal depressive symptoms to children’s academic performance in adolescence: A 13‐year prospective‐longitudinal study. Child Development, 93(2), 388-404. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13685

Beckmann, L., Bergmann, M. C., Fischer, F., & Mößle, T. (2021). Risk and protective factors of child-to-parent violence: A comparison between physical and verbal aggression. Journal of interpersonal violence, 36(3-4), NP1309-1334NP. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260517746129

Bendau, A., Plag, J., Kunas, S., Wyka, S., Ströhle, A., & Petzold, M. B. (2021). Longitudinal changes in anxiety and psychological distress, and associated risk and protective factors during the first three months of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Germany. Brain and Behavior, 11(2), e01964. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1964

Bevans, K., Riley, A., & Forrest, C. (2010). Development of the healthy pathways child-report scales. Quality of Life Research, 19, 1195–1214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-010-9687-4

Blazer, D.G., Yaffe, K., & Liverman, C.T. (2015). Risk and protective factors and interventions: Health and medical factors. In D.G. Blazer, K. Yaffe and C.T. Liverman's Cognitive aging: Progress in understanding and opportunities for action. National Academies Press (U.S.).

Borg, K., Snowdon, C., & Hodes, D. (2018). A resilience-based approach to the recognition and response of child sexual abuse. Paediatrics and Child Health, Symposium: Child Abuse, 29(1), 6-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.p

Borowsky, I. W., Taliaferro, L. A., & McMorris, B. J. (2013). Suicidal thinking and behavior among youth involved in verbal and social bullying: Risk and protective factors. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53(1), S4-S12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.10.280

Bråthen, A. C. S., De Lange, A. M. G., Fjell, A. M., & Walhovd, K. B. (2020). Risk-and protective factors for memory plasticity in aging. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2020.1727834

Briney, J. S., Brown, E. C., Hawkins, J. D., & Arthur, M. W. (2012). Predictive validity of established cut points for risk and protective factor scales from the Communities That Care Youth Survey. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 33(5-6), 249-258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-012-0280-1

Burnette, C. E. (2018). Family and cultural protective factors as the bedrock of resilience and growth for Indigenous women who have experienced violence. Journal of Family Social Work, 21(1), 45-62. https://doi.org/10.1080/10522158.2017.1402532

Caballero, H. S., McFall, G. P., Wiebe, S. A., & Dixon, R. A. (2021). Integrating three characteristics of executive function in non-demented aging: Trajectories, classification, and biomarker predictors. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 27(2), 158-171. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617720000703

Cabiati, E., Raineri, M. L., & Folgheraiter, F. (2018). Risk and protective factors among child protection social workers: a quantitative study. European Journal of Social Work, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691457.2018.1540972

Capaldi, D. M., Low, S., Tiberio, S. S., & Shortt, J. W. (2019). Intimate partner violence across the lifespan: Dyadic Theory and risk and protective factors. In R. Geffner, V. Vieth, V. Vaughan-Eden, A. Rosenbaum, L. Hamberger, J. White. (Eds.), Handbook of interpersonal violence across the lifespan. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62122-7_151-1

Carmassi, C., Dell’Oste, V., Foghi, C., Bertelloni, C. A., Conti, E., Calderoni, S., Battini, R., & Dell’Osso, L. (2021). Post-traumatic stress reactions in caregivers of children and adolescents/young adults with severe diseases: A systematic review of risk and protective factors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(1), 189. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010189

Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University. (n.d.). In brief: The foundations of lifelong health (InBrief Series). https://developingchild.harvard.edu/resources/inbrief-the-foundations-of-lifelong-health/

Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University. (n.d.). In brief: How resilience is built (InBrief Series). https://developingchild.harvard.edu/resources/inbrief-how-resilience-is-built/

Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University. (2013, May 13). Building adult capabilities to improve childhood outcomes: A theory of change. [Video]. (0:05:18). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=urU-a_FsS5Y

Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University. (2015, April 22). In brief: The science of resilience. [Video]. (0:02:29). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1r8hj72bfGo&t=23s

Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University. (2015, April 22). In brief: How resilience is built. [Video]. (0:02:17). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xSf7pRpOgu8

Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University. (n.d.). Resilience. https://developingchild.harvard.edu/science/key-concepts/resilience/

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). Preventing adverse childhood experiences (ACEs): Leveraging the best available evidence. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/preventingACES.pdf=

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/aces/index.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fviolenceprevention%2Facestudy%2Findex.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Child maltreatment: Risk & protective factors. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/childabuseandneglect/riskprotectivefactors.html

Conversano, C., Di Giuseppe, M., Miccoli, M., Ciacchini, R., Gemignani, A., & Orrù, G. (2020). Mindfulness, age and gender as protective factors against psychological distress during Covid-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1900. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01900

Creeden, K. (2019). Risk and protective factors for children engaging in problematic sexual behavior. [Video]. (0:09:03). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cifuHBM0oFU

Cutuli, J. J., & Herbers, J. E. (2018). Resilience in the context of development: Introduction to the special issue. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 38(9), 1205-1214. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431618757680

Damico, S. (2020). The resilience cascade: The best way to promote resilience in children is to foster resilient teachers. Childhood Education, 96(1), 54-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/00094056.2020.1707538

Daniilidou, A., & Platsidou, M. (2018). Teachers’ resilience scale: An integrated instrument for assessing protective factors of teachers' resilience. Hellenic Journal of Psychology, 15, 15-39.

Davies, C., Segre, G., Estradé, A., Radua, J., De Micheli, A., Provenzani, U., ... & Fusar-Poli, P. (2020). Prenatal and perinatal risk and protective factors for psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30057-2

Davis, A. N., Carlo, G., & Taylor, L. K. (2021). The interplay of community and family risk and protective factors on adjustment in young adult immigrants. International Journal of Psychology, 56(2), 208-215. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12698

Dowling, N. A., Merkouris, S. S., Greenwood, C. J., Oldenhof, E., Toumbourou, J. W., & Youssef, G. J. (2017). Early risk and protective factors for problem gambling: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 51, 109-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.10.008

Dray, J., Bowman, J., Campbell, E., Freund, M., Hodder, R., Wolfenden, L., Richards, J., Leane, C., Green, S., Lecathelinais, C., Oldmeadow, C, Attia, J., Gillham, K. & Wiggers, J. (2017). Effectiveness of a pragmatic school-based universal intervention targeting student resilience protective factors in reducing mental health problems in adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 57, 74-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.03.009

Dubow, E. F., Huesmann, L. R., Boxer, P., & Smith, C. (2016). Childhood and adolescent risk and protective factors for violence in adulthood. Journal of Criminal Justice, 45, 26-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2016.02.005

Dwyer, M. (2012). Positive feelings may help protect cardiovascular health. Harvard School of Public Health News. https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/press-releases/positive-emotions-cardiovascular-health/

Ellis, B. J., Bianchi, J., Griskevicius, V., & Frankenhuis, W. E. (2017). Beyond risk and protective factors: An adaptation-based approach to resilience. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12(4), 561-587. DttOpsI:://d1o0i.1or1g7/170/.1177475/61794156197161973609534054

Elsabbagh, M. (2020). Linking risk factors and outcomes in autism spectrum disorder: Is there evidence for resilience? BMJ, 360(16880), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l6880

Eisenberg, M. E., Gower, A. L., McMorris, B. J., Rider, G. N., Shea, G., & Coleman, E. (2017). Risk and protective factors in the lives of transgender/gender nonconforming adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 61(4), 521-526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.04.014

Fazel, M., Reed, R. V., Panter-Brick, C., & Stein, A. (2012). Mental health of displaced and refugee children resettled in high-income countries: risk and protective factors. The Lancet, 379(9812), 266-282.

Fernandez-Baizan, C., Alcántara-Canabal, L., Solis, G., & Mendez, M. (2020). The association between perinatal and neonatal variables and neuropsychological development in very and extremely low-birth-weight preterm children at the beginning of primary school. Applied Neuropsychology: Child, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2019.1709464

Fernández, R. S., Crivelli, L., Guimet, N. M., Allegri, R. F., & Pedreira, M. E. (2020). Psychological distress associated with COVID-19 quarantine: Latent profile analysis, outcome prediction and mediation analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 277, 75-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.133

Gardner, B., Lally, P., & Wardle, J. (2012). Making health habitual: the psychology of ‘habit-formation’ and general practice. British Journal of General Practice, 62(605), 664-666. https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp12X659466

Gerstein, E. D., Cherry, K. E., & Diemer, M. C. (2021). Identifying developmental profiles for children in Early Head Start: Associations with early risk and protective factors. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 57, 191-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2021.06.007

Greenfield, E. A., & Marks, N. F. (2010). Sense of community as a protective factor against long-term psychological effects of childhood violence. The Social Service Review, 84(1), 129. https://doi.org/10.1086/652786

Groarke, J. M., Berry, E., Graham-Wisener, L., McKenna-Plumley, P. E., McGlinchey, E., & Armour, C. (2020). Loneliness in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: Cross-sectional results from the COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study. PloS one, 15(9), e0239698. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239698

Guyer, A. E. (2020). Adolescent psychopathology: The role of brain-based diatheses, sensitivities, and susceptibilities. Child Development Perspectives, 14(2), 104-109.  https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12365

Harding, W. (2014, September 17). Utilizing risk and protective factor data to enhance and align substance abuse prevention efforts with other behavioral health sectors. [Power Point]. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s Center for the Application of Prevention Technologies Training, Washington, D.C., United States. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.671.5280&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Heffernan, R., & Ward, T. (2017). A comprehensive theory of dynamic risk and protective factors. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 37, 129-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2017.10.003

Henrich, B. (2016, August 24). Redefining rest: Slowing down to speed up! TEDx Talks. [Video]. (0:16:31). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hypNfi10JZo

Hilts, K., & Greene, M. (2018, June). Mental health, substance misuse, and suicide: shared risk and protective factors. Indiana University Center for Health Policy.

Holingue, C., Badillo-Goicoechea, E., Riehm, K. E., Veldhuis, C. B., Thrul, J., Johnson, R. M., ... & Kalb, L. G. (2020). Mental distress during the COVID-19 pandemic among US adults without a pre-existing mental health condition: Findings from American trend panel survey. Preventive Medicine, 139, 106231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106231

Hong, S. J., Sisk, L. M., Caballero, C., Mekhanik, A., Roy, A. K., Milham, M. P., & Gee, D. G. (2021). Decomposing complex links between the childhood environment and brain structure in school-aged youth. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 48, Article 100919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100919

Hoorelbeke, K., Van den Bergh, N., Wichers, M., & Koster, E. H. (2019). Between vulnerability and resilience: A network analysis of fluctuations in cognitive risk and protective factors following remission from depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 116, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2019.01.007

Hoorelbeke, K., Marchetti, I., De Schryver, M., & Koster, E. H. (2016). The interplay between cognitive risk and resilience factors in remitted depression: A network analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 195, 96-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.001

Howell, K. H., Thurston, I. B., Schwartz, L. E., Jamison, L. E., & Hasselle, A. J. (2018). Protective factors associated with resilience in women exposed to intimate partner violence. Psychology of Violence, 8(4), 438. https://doi.org/10.1037/vio0000147

Huber, L. P., Gonzalez, T., Robles, G., & Solórzano, D. G. (2021). Racial microaffirmations as a response to racial microaggressions: Exploring risk and protective factors. New Ideas in Psychology, 63, 100880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2021.100880

Ijadi-Maghsoodi, R., Venegas-Murillo, A., Klomhaus, A., Aralis, H., Lee, K., Rahmanian Koushkaki, S., Lester, P., Escudero, P., & Kataoka, S. (2022). The role of resilience and gender: Understanding the relationship between risk for traumatic stress, resilience, and academic outcomes among minoritized youth. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001161

Isaksson, J., Schwab-Stone, M., Stickley, A., & Ruchkin, V. (2019). Risk and protective factors for problematic drinking in early adolescence: a systematic approach. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-019-00925-1

Jagodics, B., & Szabó, É. (2022). Student burnout in higher education: A demand-resource model approach. Trends in Psychology, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43076-021-00137-4

Janiri, D., Doucet, G. E., Pompili, M., Sani, G., Luna, B., Brent, D. A., & Frangou, S. (2020). Risk and protective factors for childhood suicidality: A US population-based study. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), 317-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30049-3

Janiaud, P., Agarwal, A., Tzoulaki, I., Theodoratou, E., Tsilidis, K. K., Evangelou, E., & Ioannidis, J. P. (2021). Validity of observational evidence on putative risk and protective factors: appraisal of 3744 meta-analyses on 57 topics. BMC medicine, 19(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-021-02020-6

Jensen, S. K., Berens, A. E., & Nelson 3rd, C. A. (2017). Effects of poverty on interacting biological systems underlying child development. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 1(3), 225-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(17)30024-X

Jenson, J. M., & Fraser, M. W. (Eds.). (2015). Social policy for children and families: A risk and resilience perspective. Sage Publications.  

Johns, M. M., Beltran, O., Armstrong, H. L., Jayne, P. E., & Barrios, L. C. (2018). Protective factors among transgender and gender variant youth: A systematic review by socioecological level. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 39(3), 263-301. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-018-0508-9 

Kang, S. (2014). What one skill = an awesome life? TEDx Talks. [Video]. (0:19:13). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1EHZAQmw2JA

Katz, B., Turney, I., Lee, J., H., Amini, R., Ajrouch, K. J., & Antonucci, T. C. (2020). Race/ethnic differences in social resources as cognitive risk and protective factors. Research in Human Development, 17(1), 57-77.  https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2020.1743809

Khambati, N., Mahedy, L., Heron, J., & Emond, A. (2018). Educational and emotional health outcomes in adolescence following maltreatment in early childhood: a population-based study of protective factors. Child Abuse & Neglect, 81, 343-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.05.008

Kelifa, M. O., Yang, Y., Carly, H., Bo, W., & Wang, P. (2021). How adverse childhood experiences relate to subjective wellbeing in college students: The role of resilience and depression. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22(5), 2103-2123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00308-7

KidsMatterAustralia. (2015, February 23). Risk and protective factors. [Video]. (0:04:47). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i36tIgUuR6M

Kim, B. K. E., Oesterle, S., & Hawkins, J. D., & Shapiro, V. B. (2015). Assessing sustained effects of communities that care on youth protective factors. Journal of the Society for Social Work & Research, 6(4), 565-589.

Kjellstrand, J., Yu, G., & Eddy, J. M. (2019). Parental incarceration as a predictor of developmental trajectories of externalizing behaviors across adolescence. Children and Youth Services Review, 103, 10-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.05.016

Korpershoek, H., Canrinus, E. T., Fokkens-Bruinsma, M., & de Boer, H. (2020). The relationships between school belonging and students’ motivational, social-emotional, behavioural, and academic outcomes in secondary education: A meta-analytic review. Research Papers in Education, 35(6), 641-680. https://doi.org/10.1080/02671522.2019.1615116

Lawrence, K. A., Pachner, T. M., Long, M. M., Henderson, S., Schuman, D. L., & Plassman, B. L. (2020). Risk and protective factors of dementia among adults with post-traumatic stress disorder: A systematic review protocol. BMJ Open, 10(6), e035517. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035517

Leemis, R. W., Espelage, D. L., Basile, K. C., Mercer Kollar, L. M., & Davis, J. P. (2019). Traditional and cyber bullying and sexual harassment: A longitudinal assessment of risk and protective factors. Aggressive Behavior, 45(2), 181-192. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21808

Lipina, S. J., & Evers, K. (2017). Neuroscience of childhood poverty: Evidence of impacts and mechanisms as vehicles of dialog with ethics. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 61.  https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00061

Mackenzie, G. (2018). Building resilience among children and youth with ADHD through identifying and developing protective factors in academic, interpersonal and cognitive domains. Journal of ADHD and Care, 1(1), 1-18. https://openaccesspub.org/article/699/jac-17-1843.pdf

Magson, N. R., Freeman, J. Y. A., Rapee, R. M., Richardson, C. E., Oar, E. L., & Fardouly, J. (2020). Risk and protective factors for prospective changes in adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01332-9

Manning, K. (2017). Resilience and risk & protective factors. [Video]. (0:01:45). Vimeo. https://vimeo.com/202711176.

Marco, S., Dragioti, E., Arango, C., Radua, J., Ostinelli, E., Kilic, O., ... & Fusar-Poli, P. (2020). Risk and protective factors for mental disorders with onset in childhood/adolescence: an umbrella review o published meta-analyses of observational longitudinal studies. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.002 

Markovic, A., Mühlematter, C., Beaugrand, M., Camos, V., & Kurth, S. (2021). Severe effects of the COVID‐19 confinement on young children’s sleep: A longitudinal study identifying risk and protective factors. Journal of Sleep Research, Article e13314. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13314

Masten, A. S. (2014). Global perspectives on resilience in children and youth. Child Development, 85(1), 6-20.

Masten, A. S. (2019). Resilience from a developmental systems perspective. World Psychiatry, 18(1), 101-102. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20591

Masten, A. S., & Motti-Stefanidi, F. (2020). Multisystem resilience for children and youth in disaster: Reflection in the context of COVID-19. Adversity and Resilience Science, 1(2), 95-106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42844-020-00010-w

Mazza, C., Ricci, E., Biondi, S., Colasanti, M., Ferracuti, S., Napoli, C., & Roma, P. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among italian people during the COVID-19 pandemic: Immediate psychological responses and associated factors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), 3165. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093165

McCauley, D. M., Weymouth, B. B., Feinberg, M. E., & Fosco, G. M. (2019). Evaluating school and peer protective factors in the effects of interparental conflict on adolescent threat appraisals and self-efficacy. Journal of Adolescence, 71, 28-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.12.005

McDonald, S., Kehler, H., Bayrampour, H., Fraser-Lee, N., & Tough, S. (2016). Risk and protective factors in early child development: Results from the All Our Babies (AOB) pregnancy cohort. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 58, 20-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2016.08.010

Melkman, E. (2015). Risk and protective factors for problem behaviors among youth in residential care. Children and Youth Services Review, 51, 117-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.02.004

Meng, X., Fleury, M. J., Xiang, Y. T., Li, M., & D’arcy, C. (2018). Resilience and protective factors among people with a history of child maltreatment: A systematic review. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 53(5), 453-475. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-018-1485-

Mentis, A. F. A., Dardiotis, E., Efthymiou, V., & Chrousos, G. P. (2021). Non-genetic risk and protective factors and biomarkers for neurological disorders: a meta-umbrella systematic review of umbrella reviews. BMC Medicine, 19(1), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01873-7

Micali, N., De Stavola, B., Ploubidis, G., Simonoff, E., Treasure, J., & Field, A. E. (2015). Adolescent eating disorder behaviours and cognitions: Gender-specific effects of child, maternal and family risk factors. British Journal of Psychiatry, 207, 320-327. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.114.15237

Mishra, S., Beshai, S., Wuth, A., & Refaie, N. (2019). Risk and protective factors in problem gambling: An examination of psychological resilience. International Gambling Studies, 19(2), 241-264. https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2018.154524

Morgan, R. L., Preidis, G. A., Kashyap, P. C., Weizman, A. V., Sadeghirad, B., Chang, Y., ... & Zeraatkar, D. (2020). Probiotics reduce mortality and morbidity in preterm, low-birth-weight infants: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials. Gastroenterology, 159(2), 467-480. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.096

Nagy, A., Kalmár, M., Beke, A. M., Gráf, R., & Horváth, E. (2021). Intelligence and executive function of school-age preterm children in function of birth weight and perinatal complication. Applied Neuropsychology: Child, 1-12. ttps://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2020.1866571

National Scientific Council on the Developing Child  (2020). Connecting the brain to the rest of the body: Early childhood development and lifelong health are deeply intertwined (Working Paper No. 15). Center o the Developing Child at Harvard University. https://46y5eh11fhgw3ve3ytpwxt9r-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/wp15health_FINALv2.pdf

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