Bilingualism & Multilingualism

Resources

Abutalebi, J., & Clahsen, H. (2015). Bilingualism, cognition, and aging. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 18(1), 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728914000741

Abutalebi, J., & Green, D. W. (2016). Neuroimaging of language control in bilinguals: neural adaptation and reserve. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 19(4), 689-698. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728916000225

Aguirre, S. (2014). Bilingualism and multilingualism. [video]. (21:44 minutes). TEDxNEIU. Available on: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nr_ekwQyt2k

Anandan, K., & Veezhinathan, M. (2014). Analysis of cognitive load for bilingual subjects. International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence, 8(1), 18-35. DOI: 10.4018/ijcini.2014010102

Anderson, J. A., Saleemi, S., & Bialystok, E. (2017). Neuropsychological assessments of cognitive aging in monolingual and bilingual older adults. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 43, 17-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2016.08.001

Arredondo, M. M., Kovelman, I., Satterfield, T., Hu, X., Stojanov, L., & Beltz, A. M. (2022). Person-specific connectivity mapping uncovers differences of bilingual language experience on brain bases of attention in children. Brain and Language, 227, 105084. doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2022.105084

Azuh, E., Harwath, D., & Glass, J. (2019). Towards bilingual lexicon discovery from visually grounded speech audio. In Proc. Annual Conference of International Speech Communication Association (INTERSPEECH). DOI: 10.21437/Interspeech.2019-1718

Bailey, C., Venta, A., & Langley, H. (2020). The bilingual [dis] advantage. Language and Cognition, 12(2), 225-281. doi:10.1017/langcog.2019.43

Backer, K. C., & Bortfeld, H. (2021). Characterizing bilingual effects on cognition: The search for meaningful individual differences. Brain Sciences, 11(1), 81. ttps://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11010081

Bergelson, E., Amatuni, A., Dailey, S., Koorathota, S., & Tor, S. (2019). Day by day, hour by hour: Naturalistic language input to infants. Developmental Science, 22(1), e12715. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12715

Berken, J. A., Gracco, V. L., & Klein, D. (2017). Early bilingualism, language attainment, and brain development. Neuropsychologia, 98, 220-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.08.031

Berroir, P., Ghazi-Saidi, L., Dash, T., Adrover-Roig, D., Benali, H., & Ansaldo, A. I. (2017). Interference control at the response level: Functional networks reveal higher efficiency in the bilingual brain. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 43, 4-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2016.09.007

Bhatia, T. K. (2018). Bilingualism and multilingualism. In The Palgrave handbook of applied linguistics research methodology (pp. 681-701). Palgrave Macmillan, London.

Blanco, B., Molnar, M., Arrieta, I., Caballero‐Gaudes, C., & Carreiras, M. (2025). Functional brain adaptations during speech processing in 4‐month‐old bilingual infants. Developmental Science, 28(1), e13572. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13572

Bialystok, E. (2025). Beyond executive functioning: rethinking the impact of bilingualism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.12.005

Bialystok, E. (2025). Selective attention in cognitive processing revisited: A long-term re-evaluation. Brain and Language, 261, 105518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2024.105518

Bialystok, E. (2018). Bilingual education for young children: review of the effects and consequences. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 21(6), 666-679. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2016.1203859

Bialystok, E. (2015). How bilingualism helps the brain. [video]. (1:03:46). Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6sDYx77hCmI

Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I., & Luk, G. (2012). Bilingualism: consequences for mind and brain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(4), 240-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2012.03.001

Blanco, B., Molnar, M., Arrieta, I., Caballero‐Gaudes, C., & Carreiras, M. (2025). Functional brain adaptations during speech processing in 4‐month‐old bilingual infants. Developmental Science, 28(1), e13572. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13572

Bice, K., Yamasaki, B. L., & Prat, C. S. (2020). Bilingual language experience shapes resting-state brain rhythms. Neurobiology of Language, 1(3), 288-318. https://doi.org/10.1162/nol_a_00014

Birdsong, D. (2018). Plasticity, variability and age in second language acquisition and bilingualism. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 81. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00081

Bonifacci, P., Serena, B., Codeluppi, F., & Peri, B. (2025). A longitudinal study of math skills in heritage bilingual children: profiles of strengths and weaknesses. Psychological Research, 89(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-024-02045-5

Broos, W. P., Duyck, W., & Hartsuiker, R. J. (2019). Monitoring speech production and comprehension: Where is the second-language delay?. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 72(7), 1601-1619. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747021818807447

Bubbico, G., Chiacchiaretta, P., Parenti, M., Di Marco, M., Panara, V., Sepede, G.,... & Perrucci, M. G. (2019). Effects of second language learning on the plastic aging brain: functional connectivity, cognitive decline, and reorganization. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 13, 423. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00423

Buchweitz, A., & Prat, C. (2013). The bilingual brain: Flexibility and control in the human cortex. Physics of Life Reviews, 10(4), 428-443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plrev.2013.07.020

Byers-Heinlein, K., & Lew-Williams, C. (2013). Bilingualism in the early years: What the science says. LEARNing Landscapes, 7(1), 95–112.

Calabria, M., Costa, A., Green, D. W., & Abutalebi, J. (2018). Neural basis of bilingual language control. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1426(1), 221-235.  DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13879

Cao, F., Kim, S. Y., Liu, Y., & Liu, L. (2014). Similarities and differences in brain activation and functional connectivity in first and second language reading: evidence from Chinese learners of English. Neuropsychologia, 63, 275-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.09.001

Cargnelutti, E., Tomasino, B., & Fabbro, F. (2019). Language brain representation in bilinguals with different age of appropriation of the second language: A meta-analysis of functional imaging studies. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 13, 154. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2019.00154

Casado, A., Walther, J., Wolna, A., Szewczyk, J., Sorace, A., & Wodniecka, Z. (2025). Investigation of long-and short-term adaptations of the bilingual language system to different language environments: Evidence from the ERPs. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 74, 101242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2024.101242

Cerda, V. R., & Wicha, N. Y. (2023). Arithmetic in the bilingual brain: Language of learning and language experience effects on simple arithmetic in children and adults. Mind, Brain, and Education. https://doi.org/10.1111/mbe.12386

Chen, M., Ma, F., Wu, J., Li, S., Zhang, Z., Fu, Y., ... & Guo, T. (2020). Individual differences in language proficiency shape the neural plasticity of language control in bilingual language production. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 54, 100887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2020.100887

Claussenius‐Kalman, H., Vaughn, K. A., Archila‐Suerte, P., & Hernandez, A. E. (2020). Age of acquisition impacts the brain differently depending on neuroanatomical metric. Human Brain ;apping, 41(2), 484-502. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.24817

Collins, P., & Ho, T.T. (2020).  Bilingualism and biliteracy. In P. Collins, P., & T.T. Ho’s Oxford research encyclopedia of education. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.013.876

Cerda, V. R., Suárez-Pellicioni, M., Booth, J. R., & Wicha, N. Y. (2024). Arithmetic in two languages: Localizing simple multiplication processing in the adult bilingual brain. Imaging Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.1162/imag_a_00199

Cheung, P., Bourque, T., Ang, D., & Merkley, R. (2025). Early number acquisition in bilingual children. Cognitive Development, 73, 101541.

Comstock, L. (2024). The role of research design in the reproducibility of L1 and L2 language networks: A review of bilingual neuroimaging meta-analyses. Brain and Language, 249, 105377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105377

Costa, A. (2020). The bilingual brain: And what it tells us about the science of language. Penguin UK.

Costa, A., & Sebastián-Gallés, N. (2014). How does the bilingual experience sculpt the brain? Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 15(5), 336-345. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3709

Costandi, M. (2024). Bilingual exposure counts early on. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0262-4079(24)00292-6

Costumero, V., Marin-Marin, L., Calabria, M., Belloch, V., Escudero, J., Baquero, M.,.. & Ávila, C. (2020). A cross-sectional and longitudinal study on the protective effect of bilingualism against dementia using brain atrophy and cognitive measures. Alzheimer's Research & Therapy, 12(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-020-0581-1

Declerck, M., Wen, Y., Snell, J., Meade, G., & Grainger, J. (2020). Unified syntax in the bilingual mind. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 27(1), 149-154. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-019-01666-x

Della Rosa, P. A., Videsott, G., Borsa, V. M., Catricalà, E., Pecco, N., Alemanno, F., ... & Abutalebi, J. (2025). The neurodevelopmental dynamics of multilingual experience during childhood: A longitudinal behavioral, structural, and functional MRI study. Brain Sciences, 15(1), 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15010054

Del Maschio, N., Sulpizio, S., & Abutalebi, J. (2020). Thinking outside the box: The brain-bilingualism relationship in the light of early neurobiological variability. Brain and Language, 211, 104879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2020.104879

Del Maschio, N., & Abutalebi, J. (2018). Neurobiology of bilingualism. Bilingual cognition and language: The state of the science across its subfields, (pp. 325-345). In D. Miller, F. Bayram, J. Rothman & L. Serratrice, (Eds.). (2018). Bilingual cognition and language: the state of the science across its subfields (Vol. 54). John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Del Maschio, N., Sulpizio, S., Fedeli, D., Ramanujan, K., Ding, G., Weekes, B. S.,... & Abutalebi, J. (2019). ACC sulcal patterns and their modulation on cognitive control efficiency across lifespan: A neuroanatomical study on bilinguals and monolinguals. Cerebral Cortex, 29(7), 3091-3101. DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy175

DeLuca, V., Segaert, K., Mazaheri, A., & Krott, A. (2020). Understanding bilingual brain function and structure changes? U Bet! A Unified Bilingual Experience Trajectory model. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 56, 100930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2020.100930

DeLuca, V., Rothman, J., & Pliatsikas, C. (2019). Linguistic immersion and structural effects on the bilingual brain: a longitudinal study. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 22(5), 1160-1175. doi:10.1017/S1366728918000883

DeLuca, V., Rothman, J., Bialystok, E., & Pliatsikas, C. (2019). Redefining bilingualism as a spectrum of experiences that differentially affects brain structure and function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(15), 7565-7574. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1811513116

DeLuca, V., Voits, T., Ni, J., Carter, F., Rahman, F., Mazaheri, A., ... & Segaert, K. (2024). Mapping individual aspects of bilingual experience to adaptations in brain structure. Cerebral Cortex, 34(2), bhae029. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae029

DeLuca, V., Rothman, J., Bialystok, E., & Pliatsikas, C. (2020). Duration and extent of bilingual experience modulate neurocognitive outcomes. NeuroImage, 204, 116222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116222

Dewaele, J. M., Chen, X., Padilla, A. M., & Lake, J. (2019). The flowering of positive psychology in foreign/second language teaching and acquisition research. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2128. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02128

Diamond, J. (2010). The benefits of multilingualism . Science, 330(6002), 332-333.

Díaz-Lago, M., & Matute, H. (2019). Thinking in a foreign language reduces the causality bias. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 72(1), 41-51. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747021818755326

Dornyei, Z. (2020). Innovations and challenges in language learning motivation. Routledge.

Dörnyei, Z. (2019). Psychology and language learning: The past, the present and the future. Journal for the Psychology of Language Learning, 1(1), 27-41. http://jpll.org/index.php/journal/article/view/dornyei

Dornyei, Z. (2019). Towards a better understanding of the L2 Learning Experience, the Cinderella of the L2 motivational self system. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 9(1), 19-30. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7820-1254

Duñabeitia, J. A., Dimitropoulou, M., Dowens, M. G., Molinaro, N., & Martin, C. (2016). The electrophysiology of the bilingual brain. In Methods in bilingual reading comprehension research (pp. 265-312). Springer New York.

Durgunoğlu, A. Y., & Xu, H. (2020, April). Basic research on learning, cognition, and emotion and its implications for language teaching. In International Forum of Teaching and Studies,16(2), 39-75. American Scholars Press, Inc..

Felker, E. R., Klockmann, H. E., & De Jong, N. H. (2019). How conceptualizing influences fluency in first and second language speech production. Applied Psycholinguistics, 40(1), 111-136. doi:10.1017/S0142716418000474

Felton, A., Vazquez, D., Ramos-Nunez, A. I., Greene, M. R., Macbeth, A., Hernandez, A. E., & Chiarello, C. (2017). Bilingualism influences structural indices of interhemispheric organization. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 42, 1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2016.10.004

Feng, J. (2024). Cognitive development in a bilingual environment: To explore the effects of L1 And L2 use on early cognitive performance in children. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 30(4), 3673-3683. https://doi.org/10.53555/kuey.v30i4.2105

Festman, J. (2021). Learning and processing multiple languages: The more the easier?. Language Learning.  https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12437

Filippi, R., D’Souza, D., & Bright, P. (2018). A developmental approach to bilingual research: The effects of multi-language experience from early infancy to old age. International Journal of Bilingualism, 1367006917749061. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367006917749061

Foy, J. G., & Mann, V. A. (2014). Bilingual children show advantages in nonverbal auditory executive function task. International Journal of Bilingualism, 18(6), 717-729. DOI: 10.1177/1367006912472263

Fromont, L. A., Royle, P., & Steinhauer, K. (2020). Growing Random Forests reveals that exposure and proficiency best account for individual variability in L2 (and L1) brain potentials for syntax and semantics. Brain and Language, 204, 104770. DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2020.104770

Gallo, F., Terekhina, L., Shtyrov, Y., & Myachykov, A. (2024). Neuroplasticity and cognitive reserve effects in the Caudate Nucleus of young bilingual adults. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 27(1), 107-116. doi:10.1017/S1366728923000457

Gao, F., Hua, L., Armada-da-Silva, P., Zhang, J., Li, D., Chen, Z., Wang, C., Du, M., & Yuan, Z. (2023). Shared and distinct neural correlates of first and second language morphological processing in bilingual brain. Npj Science of Learning, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-023-00184-9

Garbin, G., Sanjuan, A., Forn, C., Bustamante, J. C., Rodríguez-Pujadas, A., Belloch, V.,... & Ávila, C. (2010). Bridging language and attention: Brain basis of the impact of bilingualism on cognitive control. NeuroImage, 53(4), 1272-1278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.05.078

García, Li, & Li, Wei. (2016). Translanguaging : Language, bilingualism and education. New York, NY: Routledge.

Garcia‐Castro, G., Avila‐Varela, D. S., Castillejo, I., & Sebastian‐Galles, N. (2025). Cognate beginnings to bilingual lexical acquisition. Child Development, 96(1), 286-300. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.14170

Garcia-Sierra, A., Rivera-Gaxiola, M., Percaccio, C. R., Conboy, B. T., Romo, H., Klarman, L.,... & Kuhl, P. K. (2011). Bilingual language learning: An ERP study relating early brain responses to speech, language input, and later word production. Journal of Phonetics, 39(4), 546-557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2011.07.002

Gardner-Chloros, P. (2025). Bilingualism. MIT Press.

Gaullaudet University. (2012). Bilingualism and the brain. [video]. (6:42 minutes). Author.

Gianola, M., Llabre, M. M., & Losin, E. A. R. (2024). Does pain hurt more in Spanish? The neurobiology of pain among Spanish–English bilingual adults. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 19(1), nsad074. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsad074

Gold, C. E. (2018). Exploring the resting state neural activity of monolinguals and late and early bilinguals .

Grant, A., Dennis, N. A., & Li, P. (2014). Cognitive control, cognitive reserve, and memory in the aging bilingual brain. Frontiers in Psychology, 5(1401), 10-3389. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01401

Groba, A., De Houwer, A., Obrig, H., & Rossi, S. (2019). Bilingual and monolingual first language acquisition experience differentially shapes children’s property term learning: Evidence from behavioral and neurophysiological measures. Brain Sciences, 9(2), 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9020040

Hamman-Ortiz, L., & Romero, D. (2025). Translanguaging as mediated praxis: A comparative case study of bilingual and monolingual teachers experimenting with translanguaging pedagogy. Teaching and Teacher Education, 156, 104878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2024.104878

Hammer, K. (2019). Bilingual cogito: inner speech in acculturated bilinguals. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 22(5), 576-592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2017.1285862

Hee, A. C. Y., & Lee, B. T. F. (2025). Historical, philosophical and psychological dimensions of bilingualism: Cognitive and neurological perspectives. Academic Journal of Psychology and Counseling, 6(1). [preprint].

Hervais-Adelman, A. G., Moser-Mercer, B., & Golestani, N. (2011). Executive control of language in the bilingual brain: integrating the evidence from neuroimaging to. Bilingualism and Cognitive Control, 29. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00234

Hoff, E., Core, C., Place, S., Rumiche, R., Señor, M., & Parra, M. (2012). Dual language exposure and early bilingual development. Journal of Child Language, 39(01), 1-27. doi: 10.1017/S0305000910000759

Hoff, E., Welsh, S., Place, S., & Ribot, K. (2014). Properties of dual language input that shape bilingual development and properties of environments that shape dual language input. In T. Grüter & J. Paradis, (Eds.). Input and experience in bilingual development (Vol. 13). John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Hosoda, C., Tanaka, K., Nariai, T., Honda, M., & Hanakawa, T. (2013). Dynamic neural network reorganization associated with second language vocabulary acquisition: A multimodal imaging study. The Journal of Neuroscience, 33(34), 13663-13672. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0410-13.2013

Huang, W., & Kim, M. S. (2024). Leveraging educational neuroscience for multiliteracies in L2 adult learning: A literature review. EdMedia+ Innovate Learning, 1040-1045.

IDOR - Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino. (2023, April 3). Cátedra Unesco de Ciência para Educação. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h6IMJeJZdW0

Jasinska, K. K., & Petitto, L. A. (2013). How age of bilingual exposure can change the neural systems for language in the developing brain: a functional near infrared spectroscopy investigation of syntactic processing in monolingual and bilingual children. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 6, 87-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2013.06.005

Jiao, L., Wang, Z., Duan, X., Yu, Y., & Liu, C. (2025). Linking context to language switching: Effects of background noise on bilingual language comprehension. Behavioral Sciences, 15(1), 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15010060

Jiao, L., Schwieter, J. W., & Liu, C. (2025). Comprehension-based language switching in experienced and newly learned languages: Evidence from induced brain oscillations. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 73, 101232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2024.101232

Jończyk, R., Boutonnet, B., Musiał, K., Hoemann, K., & Thierry, G. (2016). The bilingual brain turns a blind eye to negative statements in the second language. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-016-0411-x

Jones, Ō. P., Green, D. W., Grogan, A., Pliatsikas, C., Filippopolitis, K., Ali, N.,... & Seghier, M. L. (2011). Where, when and why brain activation differs for bilinguals and monolinguals during picture naming and reading aloud. Cerebral Cortex, bhr161. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhr161

Klein, D., Mok, K., Chen, J. K., & Watkins, K. E. (2014). Age of language learning shapes brain structure: a cortical thickness study of bilingual and monolingual individuals. Brain and Language, 131, 20-24.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2013.05.014

Kogan, B., García-Marco, E., Birba, A., Cortés, C., Melloni, M., Ibáñez, A., & García, A. M. (2020). How words ripple through bilingual hands: Motor-language coupling during L1 and L2 writing. Neuropsychologia, 146, 107563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107563

Kovelman, I., & Marks, R. (2019). Tracking qualitative changes in cognition and brain development through bilingualism. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 49, 255. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2018.06.002

Kovelman, I., Shalinsky, M. H., Berens, M. S., & Petitto, L. A. (2014). Words in the bilingual brain: an fNIRS brain imaging investigation of lexical processing in sign-speech bimodal bilinguals. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00606

Kroll, J. F. (2024). The bilingual mental lexicon. In The Routledge handbook of second language acquisition, morphosyntax, and semantics (pp. 47-60). Routledge.  ISBN9781003412373

Kuhl, P. K., & Ramirez, N. F. (2016). Bilingual language learning in children. Seattle, WA: University of Washington, Institute of Learning.

Kuhl, P. K., Stevenson, J., Corrigan, N. M., van den Bosch, J. J., Can, D. D., & Richards, T. (2016). Neuroimaging of the bilingual brain: Structural brain correlates of listening and speaking in a second language. Brain and Language, 162, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2016.07.004

Kumar, K., Sreeshma, R., & Kalaiah, M. K. (2020). A comparison of temporal processing and spectral processing abilities of monolingual, bilingual and multilingual children. International journal of audiology, 59(7), 501-505. https://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2020.1720921

Lantolf, J. P., Poehner, M. E., & Swain, M. (Eds.). (2018). The Routledge handbook of sociocultural theory and second language development. Routledge.

Lemonnier, S., Fayolle, B., Sebastian-Galles, N., Brémond, R., Diard, J., & Fort, M. (2024). Monolingual and bilingual infants' attention to talking faces: evidence from eye-tracking and Bayesian modeling. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1373191.  https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1373191

Leung, K. I., Tremblay, P., & Molnar, M. T. (2024). A systematic review and meta-analysis of language and cognition in the developing bilingual brain: From infancy to adolescence. Europe PMC. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/jkq9c

Li, J., Yao, C., Li, Y., Liu, X., Zhao, Z., Shang, Y., ... & Hu, B. (2024). Effects of second language acquisition on brain functional networks at different developmental stages. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-024-00865-y

​​Li, X., Ng, K. K., Wong, J. J. Y., Zhou, J. H., & Yow, W. Q. (2024). Brain gray matter morphometry relates to onset age of bilingualism and theory of mind in young and older adults. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 3193. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48710-4

Lin, Z., Li, X., Qi, G., Yang, J., Sun, H., Guo, Q., ... & Xu, M. (2024). Phonological properties of logographic words modulate brain activation in bilinguals: a comparative study of Chinese characters and Japanese Kanji. Cerebral Cortex, 34(4), bhae150. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae150

Liu, Y. (2024). The impact of bi/multilingualism on brain activity in dual language education based on smart technologies: Neurolinguistic aspect. Education and Information Technologies, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-12571-9

Liu, X., Wu, X., Feng, Y., Yang, J., Gu, N., & Mei, L. (2024). Neural representations of phonological information in bilingual language production. Cerebral Cortex, 34(11), bhae451. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae451

Logue, S., Folli, R., Sevdali, C., Singer, V., & Gerard, J. (2025). Language proficiency across tasks in sequential bilingual and monolingual children. Languages, 10(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages10010007

Luk, G., Pliatsikas, C., & Rossi, E. (2020). Brain changes associated with language development and learning: A primer on methodology and applications. System, 89, 102209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2020.102209

Lukasik, K. M., Lehtonen, M., Soveri, A., Waris, O., Jylkkä, J., & Laine, M. (2018). Bilingualism and working memory performance: Evidence from a large-scale online study. PloS one, 13(11), e0205916. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205916

Marian, V., & Shook, A. (2012, September). The cognitive benefits of being bilingual. In Cerebrum: the Dana forum on brain science. Washington, DC: Dana Foundation. PMC3583091

Mariën, P., van Dun, K., Van Dormael, J., Vandenborre, D., Keulen, S., Manto, M.,... & Abutalebi, J. (2017). Cerebellar induced differential polyglot aphasia: a neurolinguistic and fMRI study. Brain and Language, 175, 18-28. . doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2017.09.001

Mårtensson, J., Eriksson, J., Bodammer, N. C., Lindgren, M., Johansson, M., Nyberg, L., & Lövdén, M. (2012). Growth of language-related brain areas after foreign language learning. NeuroImage, 63(1), 240-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.06.043

Massa, E., Köpke, B., & El Yagoubi, R. (2020). Age-related effect on language control and executive control in bilingual and monolingual speakers: Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence. Neuropsychologia, 138, 107336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107336

Mayberry, R. I., & Kluender, R. (2018). Rethinking the critical period for language: New insights into an old question from American Sign Language. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 21(5), 886-905. doi:10.1017/S1366728917000724

McCauley, S. M., & Christiansen, M. H. (2019). Language learning as language use: A cross-linguistic model of child language development. Psychological Review, 126(1), 1.doi:10.1017/S1366728917000724

Melo, C., Pianta, R., DeCoster, J., & Orellana, P. (2024). Development of self-regulation of bilingual children and the role of teacher-child interactions. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2024.2310187

Mercure, E., Evans, S., Pirazzoli, L., Goldberg, L., Bowden-Howl, H., Coulson-Thaker, K.,.. & MacSweeney, M. (2019). Language experience impacts brain activation for spoken and signed language in infancy: Insights from unimodal and bimodal bilinguals. Neurobiology of Language, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1162/nol_a_00001

Mercure, E., Kushnerenko, E., Goldberg, L., Bowden‐Howl, H., Coulson, K., Johnson, M. H., & MacSweeney, M. (2019). Language experience influences audiovisual speech integration in unimodal and bimodal bilingual infants. Developmental Science, 22(1), e12701. DOI: 10.1111/desc.12701

Midrigan-Ciochina, L., Vodacek, K. P., Balabhadra, S., & Corina, D. P. (2023). A comparison of structural brain differences in monolingual and highly proficient multilingual speakers. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 27(1), 117–127. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728923000445

Molinaro, N., Nara, S., & Carreiras, M. (2024). Early language dissociation in bilingual minds: magnetoencephalography evidence through a machine learning approach. Cerebral Cortex, 34(2), bhae053. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae053

Momenian, M., Vaghefi, M., Sadeghi, H., Momtazi, S., & Meyer, L. (2024). Language prediction in monolingual and bilingual speakers: an EEG study. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 6818. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-57426-y

Monaco, E., Jost, L. B., Gygax, P. M., & Annoni, J. M. (2019). Embodied semantics in a second language: Critical review and clinical implications. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2019.00110

Morgan-Short, K., Steinhauer, K., Sanz, C., & Ullman, M. T. (2012). Explicit and implicit second language training differentially affect the achievement of native-like brain activation patterns. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 24(4), 933-947. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00119

Moriguchi, Y., & Lertladaluck, K. (2020). Bilingual effects on cognitive shifting and prefrontal activations in young children. International Journal of Bilingualism, 24(4), 729-739. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367006919880274

Mouthon, M., Khateb, A., Lazeyras, F., Pegna, A. J., Lee-Jahnke, H., Lehr, C., & Annoni, J. M. (2020). Second-language proficiency modulates the brain language control network in bilingual translators: an event-related fMRI study. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 23(2), 251-264. doi:10.1017/S1366728918001141

Muszyńska, K., Krajewski, G., Dynak, A., Garmann, N. G., Romøren, A. S. H., Łuniewska, M., ... & Haman, E. (2025). Bilingual children reach early language milestones at the same age as monolingual peers. Journal of Child Language, 1-24. doi:10.1017/S0305000924000655

Nanchen, G., Abutalebi, J., Assal, F., Manchon, M., Démonet, J. F., & Annoni, J. M. (2017). Second language performances in elderly bilinguals and individuals with dementia: The role of L2 immersion. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 43, 49-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2016.09.004

Nayak, S., Salem, H. Z., & Tarullo, A. R. (2020). Neural mechanisms of response-preparation and inhibition in bilingual and monolingual children: Lateralized Readiness Potentials (LRPs) during a nonverbal Stroop task. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 41, 100740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100740

Nickels, L., Hameau, S., Nair, V. K., Barr, P., & Biedermann, B. (2019). Ageing with bilingualism: benefits and challenges. Speech, Language and Hearing, 22(1), 32-50. DOI: 10.1080/2050571X.2018.1555988

Nicolay, A. C., & Poncelet, M. (2015). Cognitive benefits in children enrolled in an early bilingual immersion school: A follow up study. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 18(4), 789-795.doi:10.1017/S1366728914000868

Ng, E. (2020). Original paper effects of biliteracy in writing and metacognition: Biliterates, bilinguals, and monolinguals. World, 7(3). doi:10.22158/wjssr.v7n3p72

Nguyen, M. V., Xu, Y., Vaughn, K. A., & Hernandez, A. E. (2024). Subcortical and cerebellar volume differences in bilingual and monolingual children: An ABCD study. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 65, 101334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101334

Obler, L. (2015). Bilingual executive control in avoiding language mixing despite brain damage. [video]. (54:40 minutes). Center for Multilingualism and Multicultural Communication at Stony Brook University. Available on: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1BL8-3FAe-E

Oh, J. S., Au, T. K. F., Jun, S. A., & Lee, R. M. (2019). Childhood language memory in adult heritage language (re) learners. In M. S. Schmid & B Köpke’s The Oxford handbook of language attrition. Oxford University Press.

Oshchepkova, E. S., Kartushina, N. A., & Razmakhnina, K. O. (2023). Bilingualism and development of literacy in children: A systematic review. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 16(1), 3–25. https://doi.org/10.11621/pir.2023.0101

Osypenko, O., Brandt, S., & Athanasopoulos, P. (2025). The influence of three-gendered grammatical systems on simultaneous bilingual cognition: The case of Ukrainian-Russian bilinguals. Language and Cognition, 17, e25. doi:10.1017/langcog.2024.73

Paap, K. R., Majoubi, J., Balakrishnan, N., & Anders-Jefferson, R. T. (2024). Bilingualism, like other types of brain training, does not produce far transfer: It all fits together. International. Journal of Bilingualism, 13670069231214599. https://doi.org/10.1177/13670069231214599

Pauwels, A. (2013). Politics of multilingualism and language learning: Who benefits? [video]. (1:11:46). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m_fL9LGeW70

Palmer, D. K., Cervantes-Soon, C., & Dornier-Heiman, D. (2020). Bilingualism, biliteracy, biculturalism, and critical consciousness for all. In P.C. Ramírez & C.J. Faltis’ (Eds.). Dual language education in the US: Rethinking pedagogy, curricula, and teacher education to support dual language learning for all. Routledge.

Pérez, A., & Duñabeitia, J. A. (2019). Speech perception in bilingual contexts: Neuropsychological impact of mixing languages at the inter-sentential level. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 51, 258-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2019.04.002

Pérez, A., & Duñabeitia, J. A. (2019). Speech perception in bilingual contexts: Neuropsychological impact of mixing languages at the inter-sentential level. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 51, 258-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2019.04.002

Petitto, L. A., Berens, M. S., Kovelman, I., Dubins, M. H., Jasinska, K., & Shalinsky, M. (2012). The “Perceptual Wedge Hypothesis” as the basis for bilingual babies’ phonetic processing advantage: New insights from fNIRS brain imaging. Brain and Language, 121(2), 130-143. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2011.05.003

Pliatsikas, C. (2020). Understanding structural plasticity in the bilingual brain: The Dynamic Restructuring Model. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 23(2), 459-471. doi:10.1017/S1366728919000130

Pliatsikas, C., Meteyard, L., Veríssimo, J., DeLuca, V., Shattuck, K., & Ullman, M. T. (2020). The effect of bilingualism on brain development from early childhood to young adulthood. Brain Structure and Function, 225(7), 2131-2152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-020-02115-5

Pliatsikas, C., DeLuca, V., & Voits, T. (2019). The many shades of bilingualism: language experiences modulate adaptations in brain structure. Language Learning. https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12386

Pliatsikas, C., DeLuca, V., Moschopoulou, E., & Saddy, J. D. (2017). Immersive bilingualism reshapes the core of the brain. Brain Structure and Function, 222(4), 1785-1795. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-016-1307-9

Potowsky, K. (2013). No child left monolingual. [video]. (19:08 minutes). TEDxUniversity of Chicago. Available on: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pSs1uCnLbaQ

Quiñones, I., Gisbert-Muñoz, S., Amoruso, L., Manso-Ortega, L., Mori, U., Bermudez, G., ... & Carreiras, M. (2024). Unveiling the neuroplastic capacity of the bilingual brain: insights from healthy and pathological individuals. Brain Structure and Function, 229(9), 2187-2205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-024-02846-9

Rahmatang, R. (2024). Bilingual brain development: Insights from language acquisition in children. LIER: Language Inquiry & Exploration Review, 1(1), 23-29. https://pppii.org/index.php/lier/article/view/7

Raji, C. A., Meysami, S., Merrill, D. A., Porter, V. R., & Mendez, M. F. (2020). Brain structure in bilingual compared to monolingual individuals with Alzheimer’s disease: Proof of concept. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, (Preprint), 1-6. DOI: 10.3233/JAD-200200

ReFaey, K., Tripathi, S., Bhargav, A. G., Grewal, S. S., Middlebrooks, E. H., Sabsevitz, D. S., ... & Quinones-Hinojosa, A. (2020). Potential differences between monolingual and bilingual patients in approach and outcome after awake brain surgery. Journal of Neurooncology, 148(3), 587-598. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-020-03554-0

Ramírez, R., López, L. M., & Ferron, J. (2019). Teacher characteristics that play a role in the language, literacy and math development of dual language learners. Early Childhood Education Journal, 47(1), 85-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-018-0907-9

Rodríguez-Pujadas, A., Sanjuán, A., Ventura-Campos, N., Román, P., Martin, C., Barceló, F.,... & Ávila, C. (2013). Bilinguals use language-control brain areas more than monolinguals to perform non-linguistic switching tasks. PloS one, 8(9), e73028. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073028

Ronderos, J., Zuk, J., Hernandez, A. E., & Vaughn, K. A. (2024). Large‐scale investigation of white matter structural differences in bilingual and monolingual children: An adolescent brain cognitive development data study. Human Brain Mapping, 45(2), e26608 https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.26608

Rothman, J. (2024). Harnessing the bilingual descent down the mountain of life: Charting novel paths for Cognitive and Brain Reserves research. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1-9. doi:10.1017/S1366728924000026

Saidi, L. G., Dash, T., & Ansaldo, A. I. (2017). The bilingual mental lexicon. Bilingualism: A framework for understanding the mental lexicon, 6, 73.

Scherzinger, L., & Brahm, T. (2023). A systematic review of bilingual education teachers’ competences. Educational Research Review, 39, 100531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2023.100531

Schweizer, T. A., Ware, J., Fischer, C. E., Craik, F. I., & Bialystok, E. (2012). Bilingualism as a contributor to cognitive reserve: Evidence from brain atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease. Cortex, 48(8), 991-996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2011.04.009

Simmonds, A. J., Wise, R. J., & Leech, R. (2011). Two tongues, one brain: imaging bilingual speech production. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, 166. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00166

Singh, N. C., Rajan, A., Malagi, A., Ramanujan, K., Canini, M., Della Rosa, P. A.,... & Abutalebi, J. (2018). Microstructural anatomical differences between bilinguals and monolinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 21(5), 995-1008. doi:10.1017/S1366728917000438

Soares, S. M. P., Prystauka, Y., DeLuca, V., Poch, C., & Rothman, J. (2024). Brain correlates of attentional load processing reflect degree of bilingual engagement: Evidence from EEG. NeuroImage, 298, 120786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120786

Soltero-González, L., & Butvilofsky, S. (2020). Emergent sound-letter correspondences in the early biliterate writing development of simultaneous bilingual children. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 34(3), 346-366. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2019.1703123

Steinhauer, K., & Kasparian, K. (2020). Brain plasticity in adulthood—ERP evidence for L1‐attrition in lexicon and morphosyntax after predominant L2 use. Language Learning, 70(S2), 171-193. https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12391

Stocco, A., Yamasaki, B., Natalenko, R., & Prat, C. S. (2014). Bilingual brain training: A neurobiological framework of how bilingual experience improves executive function. International Journal of Bilingualism, 18(1), 67-92. DOI: 10.1177/1367006912456617

Subbaraj, P. K., Anandan, K., Balasubramanian, G., & Veezhinathan, M. (2014). Analysis of cognitive load for bilingual subjects. International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence, 8(1), 18-35. DOI: 10.4018/ijcini.2014010102

Sulpizio, S., Del Maschio, N., Fedeli, D., & Abutalebi, J. (2020). Bilingual language processing: A meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 108, 834-853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.014

Sulpizio, S., & Abutalebi, J. (2019). If experience is not enough: Understanding multilingualism through early neurobiological variability. Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics & Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy [Thesis].

Tabori, A. A. T., Mech, E. N., & Atagi, N. (2018). Exploiting language variation to better understand the cognitive consequences of bilingualism. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01686

Tackman, A. M., Sbarra, D. A., Carey, A. L., Donnellan, M. B., Horn, A. B., Holtzman, N. S.,.. & Mehl, M. R. (2019). Depression, negative emotionality, and self-referential language: A multi-lab, multi-measure, and multi-language-task research synthesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 116(5), 817. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000187

Tavakol, M., Tavakoli, M., & Ketabi, S. (2019). First versus subsequent foreign language development in situated interaction from a Vygotskyan SCT perspective: microgenetic analysis of Persian-speaking learners. International Journal of Multilingualism, 16(4), 563-583. DOI: 10.1080/14790718.2019.1628765

Tavoosy, Y., & Jelveh, R. (2019). Language teaching strategies and techniques used to support students learning in a language other than their mother tongue. International Journal of Learning and Teaching, 11(2), 77-88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18844/ijlt.v11i2.3831

TedX Talks. (2014, April 15). Bilingualism and multilingualism: Samuel Aguirre at TEDxNEIU. [video]. (21:44 minutes). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nr_ekwQyt2k

Thierry, G. (2016). Neurolinguistic relativity: how language flexes human perception and cognition. Language Learning, 66(3), 690-713.DOI: 10.1111/lang.12186

Tian, L., Chen, H., Zhao, W., Wu, J., Zhang, Q., De, A., ... & Parviainen, T. (2020). The role of motor system in action-related language comprehension in L1 and L2: An fMRI study . Brain and Language, 201, 104714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2019.104714

Timofeeva, P., Finisguerra, A., D’Argenio, G., García, A. M., Carreiras, M., Quiñones, I., ... & Amoruso, L. (2024). Switching off: disruptive TMS reveals distinct contributions of the posterior middle temporal gyrus and angular gyrus to bilingual speech production. Cerebral Cortex, 34(5), bhae188. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae188

Tokuhama-Espinosa, T. (2013). Bilingualism and multilingualism. [video] (1:21:28). Harvard University (PSYCE-1609). Available athttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=420EHD4TfOU

Tu, L., Wang, J., Abutalebi, J., Jiang, B., Pan, X., Li, M., ... & Huang, R. (2015). Language exposure induced neuroplasticity in the bilingual brain: A follow-up fMRI study. Cortex, 64, 8-19. DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.09.019

UniofReading (2015, June 3). How bilingualism helps your brain. [video] (1:03:46 minutes). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6sDYx77hCmI

Unsworth, S., Brouwer, S., de Bree, E., & Verhagen, J. (2019). Predicting bilingual preschoolers’ patterns of language development: Degree of non-native input matters. Applied Psycholinguistics, 40(5), 1189-1219. doi:10.1017/S0142716419000225

Valian, V. (2015). Bilingualism and cognition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 18(1), 3-24. doi:10.1017/S1366728914000522

van den Berg, F., Brouwer, J., Loerts, H., Knooihuizen, R., & Keijzer, M. (2025). The association between multilingual experience factors and cognitive functioning in older adults: A Lifelines study. The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, gbae200. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbae200

VanPatten, B., & Williams, J. (Eds.). (2014). Theories in second language acquisition: An introduction. Routledge.

Van Rinsveld, A., Dricot, L., Guillaume, M., Rossion, B., & Schiltz, C. (2017). Mental arithmetic in the bilingual brain: Language matters. Neuropsychologia, 101, 17-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.05.009

Vaughn, K. A., & Hernandez, A. E. (2018). Becoming a balanced, proficient bilingual: Predictions from age of acquisition & genetic background. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 46, 69-77. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2017.12.012

Voits, T., Robson, H., Rothman, J., & Pliatsikas, C. (2022). The effects of bilingualism on hippocampal volume in ageing bilinguals. Brain Structure and Function, 227(3), 979-994. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-021-02436-z

von Bastian, C. C., Souza, A. S., & Gade, M. (2015). No evidence for bilingual cognitive advantages: A test of four hypotheses. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 145(2), 246-258.  https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000120

Wagley, N., Hu, X., Satterfield, T., Bedore, L. M., Booth, J. R., & Kovelman, I. (2024). Neural specificity for semantic and syntactic processing in Spanish-English bilingual children. Brain and Language, 250, 105380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2024.105380

Waldie, K. E., Badzakova-Trajkov, G., Park, H. R., Zheng, Y., Neumann, D., & Zamani Foroushani, N. (2020). The cognitive and neural correlates of written language: a selective review of bilingualism. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/03036758.2020.1779093

Wang, G., & Tao, L. (2024). Bilingual language control in the brain: Evidence from structural and effective functional brain connectivity. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 36(5), 836-853. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02128

Ware, A. T., Kirkovski, M., & Lum, J. A. (2020). Meta-analysis reveals a bilingual advantage that is dependent on task and age. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01458

Warmington, M. A., Kandru-Pothineni, S. W. A. T. H. I., & Hitch, G. J. (2018). Novel-word learning, executive control and working memory: A bilingual advantage. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 22(4), 763-782. doi:10.1017/S136672891800041X

Weissberger, G. H., Gollan, T. H., Bondi, M. W., Clark, L. R., & Wierenga, C. E. (2015). Language and task switching in the bilingual brain: Bilinguals are staying, not switching, experts.  Neuropsychologia, 66, 193-203. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.10.037

Wong, B., Yin, B., & O’Brien, B. (2016). Neurolinguistics: structure, function, and connectivity in the bilingual brain. BioMed Research International, 2016.

Xu, J. (2025). The development of expressive language in bilingual children and relevant factors. In F. P. Chew’s Global Dialogue on Media Dynamics, Trends and Perspectives on Public Relations and Communication, (pp. 507-511). CRC Press.

Wu, C. Y., & O’Brien, B. A. (2024). Brain signatures of reading within different types of learners and across written languages: Evidence and implications for education. In Applying the science of learning to education: An insight into the mechanisms that shape earning (pp. 21-54). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.  https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5378-3_2

Wu, C. Y., O’Brien, B. A., Styles, S. J., & Chen, S. H. A. (2020). The Impact of bilingualism on skills development and education. In Transforming teaching and learning in higher education (pp. 47-69). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4980-9_3

Xu, J., & Zhang, S. (2019). The Routledge handbook of sociocultural theory and second language development:  edited by James P. Lantolf, Matthew E. Poehner, and Merrill Swain, New York, Routledge.

Xu, M., Baldauf, D., Chang, C. Q., Desimone, R., & Tan, L. H. (2017). Distinct distributed patterns of neural activity are associated with two languages in the bilingual brain. Science Advances, 3(7), e1603309. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1603309

Yang, S., Yang, H., & Lust, B. (2011). Early childhood bilingualism leads to advances in executive attention: Dissociating culture and language. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 14(03), 412-422. doi:10.1017/S1366728910000611

Yee, J., DeLuca, V., & Pliatsikas, C. (2023). The effects of multilingualism on Brain Structure, language control and Language Processing. The Cambridge Handbook of Third Language Acquisition, 577–605. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108957823.023

Ylinen, S., Junttila, K., Laasonen, M., Iverson, P., Ahonen, L., & Kujala, T. (2019). Diminished brain responses to second-language words are linked with native-language literacy skills in dyslexia. Neuropsychologia, 122, 105-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.11.005

Yokoyama, S., Kim, J., Uchida, S., Miyamoto, T., Yoshimoto, K., & Kawashima, R. (2013). Cross‐linguistic influence of first language writing systems on brain responses to second language word reading in late bilinguals. Brain and Behavior, 3(5), 525-531. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.153

Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Huang, H., Zhang, Z., Wu, S., Qiu, J., & Wu, Y. J. (2024). Neuroimaging evidence dissociates forced and free language selection during bilingual speech production. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1-10. doi:10.1017/S1366728924000324

Zhang, M. (2018). An overview of the bilingual advantage: history, mechanisms, and consequences.  Western Undergraduate Psychology Journal, 6(1). ISBN: 2368-9501

Zheng, B., Báez, S., Su, L., Xiang, X., Weis, S., Ibáñez, A., & García, A. M. (2020). Semantic and attentional networks in bilingual processing: fMRI connectivity signatures of translation directionality. Brain and Cognition, 143, 105584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2020.105584

Zhu, J. D., Seymour, R. A., Szakay, A., & Sowman, P. F. (2020). Neuro-dynamics of executive control in bilingual language switching: An MEG study. Cognition, 199, 104247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104247

Zirnstein, M., van Hell, J. G., & Kroll, J. F. (2018). Cognitive control ability mediates prediction costs in monolinguals and bilinguals. Cognition, 176, 87-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2018.03.001

Other Resources

Kluger, J. (2013). The power of the bilingual brain. Time Magazine.

Date of last update: 17-Apr-2023 CB

This resource is protected under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license.